MEMPERINGATI HARI PAHLAWAN

             Memperingati Hari Pahlawan

   Selamat memperingati Hari Pahlawan!

   Pada 10 November merupakan Hari Pahlawan Nasional yang setiap tahunnya diperingati oleh bangsa Indonesia, hal ini berdasarkan Keputusan Presiden No. 316 Tahun 1959 tentang Hari-hari Nasional yang Bukan Hari Libur dan ditandatangani oleh Presiden Soekarno. Keputusan tersebut untuk mengenang jasa para pahlawan serta tragedi pada 10 november 1945 di Surabaya, Tanggal 10 November 1945 terjadi pertempuran di Surabaya yang merupakan pertempuran besar antara pihak tentara Indonesia dan pasukan Inggris, pertempuran ini adalah perang pertama pasukan Indonesia dengan pasukan asing setelah Proklamasi Kemerdekaan Indonesia dan satu pertempuran terbesar dan terberat dalam sejarah Revolusi Nasional Indonesia yang menjadi simbol nasional atas perlawanan Indonesia terhadap kolonialisme. Setelah gencatan senjata antara pihak Indonesia dan pihak tentara Inggris ditandatangani tanggal 29 Oktober 1945, keadaan berangsur-angsur mereda.

   Walaupun begitu tetap saja terjadi bentrokan-bentrokan bersenjata antara rakyat dan tentara Inggris di Surabaya. Bentrokan-bentrokan tersebut memuncak dengan terbunuhnya Brigadir Jenderal Mallaby (Pimpinan Tentara Inggris untuk Jawa Timur) pada 30 Oktober 1945. Kematian Jendral Mallaby ini menyebabkan pihak Inggris marah kepada pihak Indonesia dan berakibat pada keputusan pengganti Mallaby yaitu Mayor Jenderal Eric Carden Robert.

   Mansergh mengeluarkan Ultimatum 10 November 1945 yang meminta pihak Indonesia menyerahkan persenjataan dan menghentikan perlawanan pada tentara AFNEI dan administrasi NICA serta ancaman akan menggempur kota Surabaya dari darat, laut, dan udara apabila orang-orang Indonesia tidak mentaati perintah Inggris.

   Mereka juga mengeluarkan instruksi yang isinya bahwa semua pimpinan bangsa Indonesia dan para pemuda di Surabaya harus datang selambat-lambatnya tanggal 10 November 1945 pukul 06.00 pagi pada tempat yang telah ditentukan. Namun ultimatum itu tidak ditaati oleh rakyat Surabaya, sehingga terjadilah pertempuran Surabaya yang sangat dahsyat pada tanggal 10 November 1945 selama lebih kurang tiga minggu lamanya, medan perang Surabaya kemudian mendapat julukan “neraka” karena kerugian yang disebabkan tidaklah sedikit.

   Pertempuran tersebut telah mengakibatkan sekitar 20.000 rakyat Surabaya menjadi korban, sebagian besar adalah warga sipil. Selain itu diperkirakan 150.000 orang terpaksa meninggalkan kota Surabaya dan tercatat sekitar 1.600 orang prajurit Inggris tewas, hilang dan luka-luka serta puluhan alat perang rusak dan hancur, banyaknya pejuang yang gugur dan rakyat yang menjadi korban ketika itu serta semangat membara tak kenal menyerah yang ditunjukkan rakyat Surabaya, membuat Inggris serasa terpanggang di neraka dan membuat kota Surabaya kemudian dikenang sebagai kota pahlawan.

   Selamat Memperingati Hari Pahlawan Ke-78 Tahun 2023! 

   Semangat Pahlawan Untuk Masa Depan Bangsa dalam Memerangi Kemiskinan dan Kebodohan. 

             Commemorating Heroes' Day

   Happy Heroes' Day!

   November 10 is National Heroes' Day which is commemorated every year by the Indonesian people, based on Presidential Decree No. 316 of 1959 concerning National Days that are Not Holidays and signed by President Soekarno. This decision was to commemorate the services of the heroes and the tragedy on 10 November 1945 in Surabaya. On 10 November 1945 there was a battle in Surabaya which was a major battle between the Indonesian army and British troops. This battle was the first war between Indonesian troops and foreign troops after the Proclamation of Indonesian Independence. and one of the biggest and toughest battles in the history of the Indonesian National Revolution which became a national symbol of Indonesia's resistance to colonialism. After the ceasefire between the Indonesian and British troops was signed on 29 October 1945, the situation gradually eased.

   Even so, armed clashes still occurred between the people and British troops in Surabaya. These clashes culminated in the murder of Brigadier General Mallaby (Leader of the British Army for East Java) on 30 October 1945. The death of General Mallaby caused the British to become angry with the Indonesians and resulted in the decision to replace Mallaby, namely Major General Eric Carden Robert.

   Mansergh issued an Ultimatum of 10 November 1945 which asked the Indonesians to hand over their weapons and stop resistance to the AFNEI army and the NICA administration as well as threats to attack the city of Surabaya from land, sea and air if the Indonesian people did not obey British orders.

   They also issued instructions stating that all leaders of the Indonesian nation and youth in Surabaya had to come no later than 10 November 1945 at 06.00 am at the designated place. However, this ultimatum was not obeyed by the people of Surabaya, so the very terrible Surabaya battle took place on 10 November 1945, lasting approximately three weeks. The Surabaya battlefield later received the nickname "hell" because the losses caused were not small.

   The fighting resulted in around 20.000 Surabaya people becoming victims, most of whom were civilians. Apart from that, it is estimated that 150.000 people were forced to leave the city of Surabaya and it was recorded that around 1.600 British soldiers were killed, missing and injured as well as dozens of war equipment damaged and destroyed. The number of fighters who died and the people who became victims at that time and the burning spirit of never giving up shown by the people. Surabaya, made England feel like it was roasting in hell and made the city of Surabaya later remembered as a city of heroes.

   Happy Commemoration of the 78th Heroes' Day in 2023!

   The Spirit of Heroes for the Future of the Nation in Fighting Poverty and Ignorance.